15 Scientific Theories About Ball Lightning: The 8th Will Revolutionize Your Understanding

2. The Microwave Cavity Theory

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The idea of the microwave cavity suggests that ball lightning results from microwaves becoming caught in a spherical atmospheric cavity. This view holds that strong electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency band is produced during a lightning strike. This radiation can get contained under particular meteorological conditions inside a naturally occurring spherical cavity created by air temperature and humidity gradients. The trapped microwaves subsequently ionize the cavity's air to form a brilliant plasma ball. Advocates of this idea contend that since the microwave energy sustains the plasma until the cavity disappears, it explains the noted stability and lifetime of ball lightning. Because microwaves may pass through windows and screens, the idea also explains claims of ball lightning going through these surfaces. Moreover, it provides a theory for the sporadic claims of ball lightning generating electrical interference, which would be compatible with microwave radiation. Critics of this idea note how difficult it is to describe how such a perfect spherical hollow may develop organically in the chaotic environment during a thunderstorm. Supporters counter that under some circumstances computer models have shown the likelihood of such cavities developing. Inspired by the microwave cavity theory, studies on possible uses including fresh approaches to atmospheric sensing and communication technologies and new plasma confinement techniques for fusion reactors have been undertaken.